LowEmissionAsphalt-136pg-WhitePaper-May2023

P a g e | 98 Do No Harm! As we transition to electrification in transportation, this growing microplastic conundrum will become more evident and may even erupt into new environmental crisis (unintended consequence). It is quite clear that energy efficiency for on- road vehicles is not the only consideration in our mutually inclusive goal to decarbonize transportation. There is considerable Pareto 212 inefficiencies well documented in scarce resources such as cobalt and lithium; human rights and ecological issues in mining; and known clean energy sourcing limitations etcetera. But releasing or “of-gassing” more volatile chemicals into our air and water resources from RAMPs is both real and local. Figure 65 – Exhaust & Non-Exhaust Emissions Hybrid vs EV 213 Source: Emissions Analytics (UK) Various dangerous chemicals ranging from PAH’s and other aromatics to saturated hydrocarbons e.g., ethane (Figure 65) is found in tire-wear particulate testing. A recent study by UK-based Emissions Analytics showed that EVs emit ~60% more of these environmentally hazardous compounds than hybrid vehicles, including tailpipe emission inclusion. 212 Pareto efficiency is when an economy has its resources and goods allocated to maximum level of efficiency where no change can be made without making something or someone worse off. 213 Emissions Analytics : Do no harm, how efficiency doe matter , March 2023. EVs may emit ~60% more of total road-associated environmentally hazardous compounds.