LowEmissionAsphalt-136pg-WhitePaper-May2023

P a g e | 97 One thousand tons of microplastic accumulation equates to pulverizing three hundred million plastic water bottles. Think about that. For each one million cars on our roads, scientists estimate 5,000 tons of TWP is created every year. 208 The U.S. alone has three hundred million passenger vehicles alone in operation presently, worth, it would appear, 450 billion water bottles (and straws) in terms of plastic pollution removal potential need. 209 Newly proposed Euro 7 regulations 210 will lay out Europe’s first MPP guidelines and sets limits on tire and brake-pad emissions. In recognition that all vehicle types produce NEEs, and EV adoption will greatly exacerbate them , the E U’s updated framework is aggressive and will become the first standard in the world moving beyond exhaust emissions . “The Euro 7 standards rules will be the first worldwide emissions standards to move beyond regulating exhaust pipe emissions and set additional limits for particulate emissions from brakes and rules on microplastic emissions from tyres. These rules will apply to all vehicles, including electric ones.” – European Commission, Brussels 10 November 2022 Figure 64 – Brake Pad Wear Comparison 211 208 Baensch-Baltruschat, et al., Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) – A review of generation, properties, human health risk, ecotoxicity, and fate in the environment, September 2020. 209 FHWA and EPA. 210 The Euro 7 standards will be the seventh installment of the EU’s vehicle emissions regulations announced in November 2022. 211 Ye l, et al., Comparative analysis of non-exhaust airborne particles from electric and internal combustion engine vehicles, Journal of Hazardous Materials , October 2021.