LowEmissionAsphalt-136pg-WhitePaper-May2023

P a g e | 96 One can “value” GHGs (CO 2 e) per international agreements like Paris today, but a cross-border consensus on MPP is coming soon from the UN. A recent study of San Francisco Bay indicated much of the seven trillion particles of microplastic found came from tires. 203 Fourteen million metric tons of microplastics have accumulated on the world’s ocean floors and hundreds of millions of tons are currently just floating around . 204 205 The rest of the road-related MPPs emitted end-up in our air, adding to PM 2.5 build- up. Roadway microplastic debris, mainly TWP (Figure 63) , factors directly into as much as half of the oceanic accumulations of MPP and more than two-thirds of the ozone contaminations. 206 207 Figure 63 – Sources of Microplastic Pollution Source: Finnish Environment Institute SYKE 203 Edelstein S, Microplastic pollution from vehicle tires is a serious global issue, Green Car Reports, April 14, 2021; and San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI). 204 van Sebille, Wilcox C, et al., A global inventory of small floating plastic debris , Environmental Research Letters, Volume 10, Number 12, December 2015. 205 Liao K, The Atlantic Ocean Could Contain 200 million Metric Tons of Microplastic: Study, Global Citizen, August 2020. 206 Rodland E, Ecotoxic potential of road-associated microplastic particles (RAMP) , Norwegian Institute for Water Research, November 2019. 207 Mahowald N, Cornell University School of Engineering, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Brahney J, University of Utah Environmental Biogeochemistry & Paleolimnology Lab.