LowEmissionAsphalt-136pg-WhitePaper-May2023

P a g e | 94 Both urban and highway stormwater runoff will collect RAMP, creating a clear pathway for microplastic contaminations from land- based sources to an agency’s local aquatic environment and beyond to rivers and eventually our oceans. 198 Worse than exhaust emissions? Researchers at UK based Emissions Analytics (EA) have done some of the most expansive testing of NEEs to date. Per EA’s chief scientist Nick Molden, “tyres may soon eclipse the tailpipe as the other major source of emissions from vehicles” 199 In fact, tire-wear particulates could be 1,000x to 2,000x worse than car exhaust . 200 EV adoption is a major concern, of course. As University of Leeds’ Dr. James Tate outlined, “it will be very important for BEVs to become much lighter in the future, placing added pressure on battery technology advancement yet realizable.” Figures 60 | 61 – Tire-Wear Mechanics 201 198 Liu F, Borg Olesen, et al., Microplastics in urban and highway stormwater retention ponds . June 25, 2019. 199 Rosane O., Cars Now Release More Pollution From Their Tires Than Their Tailpipes, Analysis Shows, EcoWatch www.ecowatch.com June 2022 and via The Guardian . 200 Emissions Analytics, www.emissionsanalytics.com studies 2020 and 2022. 201 Yan H et al, Investigation of the external conditions and material compositions affecting the formation mechanism and size distribution of tire wear particles., Atmospheric Environment , January 2021.