LowEmissionAsphalt-136pg-WhitePaper-May2023

P a g e | 85 chemical heat energy (BTUs). Hydrogen from electricity, then is effectively nothing more than a highly inefficient energy storage option. 175 Alternative energy sourcing and transportation type are proving more difficult to scale or even afford financially and environmentally than any of us hoped. 176 177 One should value the prospects for NEVs but be prepared that they may become only a part of the solution and require protracted rollout until unintended environmental burden shifting becomes better understood from transportation industry electrification. Meanwhile, mobile source pollution is the country’s leading air quality problem and now the number one GHG problem (Figure 55) . Intensifying this, of course, environmental scientists set reactive nitrogen and O 3 GWP in large cities quite high making the removal of vehicular emissions an on-going urgent priority. 178 179 Figure 55 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions Source: EPA 175 Brun K and Kurz: Myth: hydrogen fuel is the future , www.turbomachinerymag.com , October 2109. 176 Finkler T and Hannon K, Renewable Energy: Status and Struggles , Stanford University. 177 The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Can the World Run on Renewable Energy? April 2015. 178 Lammel G and Grabi H, Greenhouse effect of NOx, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) , July 1995. 179 Dahlmann K et al, Quantifying the contributions of individual NOx sources to the trend in ozone radiative forcing , DLR Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, February 2011.