LowEmissionAsphalt-136pg-WhitePaper-May2023

P a g e | 67 Road System Use Phase | Scope 3 Environmental Impacts & Opportunities ▪ Carbonation and Sequestration Mobile-Sourced Exhaust Emissions: – Carbon Dioxide ( CO 2 ) – Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) – Volatiles (VOCs) – Photochemical Smog (O 3 ) ▪ Pavement Albedo | Emissivity Pavement Oxidation Stormwater Quality ▪ Urban Heat Islands Pavement Emissivity & Radiative Forcing (RF) Building Electricity Demand (BED) ▪ Pavement Vehicle Interactions (PVI) Ride Quality | Fuel Efficiency Tire & Brake-Pad Wear Emissions: – Microplastics – and PFAS ▪ Environmental Justice